Negative and positive numbers both go into exponents. But if a positive and negative make a negative in multiplication, how come it doesn't make the outcome of a negative exponent negative? The truth is you're really only dividing the base by the exponent (ex: 5^-2 equals 1/25).

When you divide, you make things smaller, you put them into seperate groups. If you think of division this way, this won't so hard for you.
 
Exponets are the little number to upper right of a number. The principle of exponets is simple, just multiply the number by itself how many times the exponet says to. For example, 8^3 says to multiply 8 by itself three times (8*8*8). Exponets are the second step in Order of Operations, as well.